|
|
BIOGRAPHIE La photo la plus célèbre du Che est en fin de dossier
Symbole de la révolution cubaine et de l'anti-impérialisme, le Che est une figure emblématique de l'histoire du XXe siècle, qui fait encore l'objet de controverses aujourd'hui . ". . .Hà que endurecer-se, mas sem jamais perder a ternura." Ernesto GUEVARA est issu d'une famille bourgeoise argentine. C'est a
Avant de partir en BOLIVIE En 1965, il abandonne ses fonctions car il souhaite développer un socialisme cubain. Il disparaît et on le retrouve, armes à la main en Bolivie où il aide au changement politique du pays. Un aventurier généreux dont le coeur rythmait aux meurtrissures des opprimés de l'impérialisme. Sa quête de justice, ou son envol aventurier et rebelle, il l'a commencé ...
EPUISEMENT Physique et moral ! Dernière photo du "CHE" vivant Le Médecin qui a effectué l'autopsie a établi que le corps du CHE abritait huit balles, deux à droite et à gauche du cou, quatre balles dans la poitrine, une dans l'avant-bras droit, une qui lui a ouvert la cuisse et une autre dans la jambe droite. Pas de jugement, pas de procès pour cet homme là ! Aussitôt pris il est exécuté, la preuve est restée gravée dans son corps meurtri. La plupart des braves gens qui se pencheront sur la dépouille exposée sur le lavoir de l'hôpital, ont sans doute confondu LE CHE avec le Christ, sinon pourquoi tant de dévotion à son égard puisqu'ils ne comprenaient rien à la politique, à SA politique... Après l'avoir nourri de quelques misérables victuailles, ils s'empressaient de le livrer aux militaires. Les gestes animistes brandis à son intention par cette population dévote, évoquent parfaitement cette confusion.
De Gaulle multipliait les appels de clémence. Beaucoup ont affirmé "Les consignes de Washington sont claires : pas de survivant, pas de trace". Plus tard, un membre de la présidence affirma "qu'on avait brulé le corps du Che, écrasé les ossements et dispersé ses cendres." Qui cherchait donc à troubler les esprits et faisait courir ses fausses rumeurs ? Enterré ou incinéré ? Les militaires ne disposaient que de quelques heures et un corps humain ne se consume pas aussi facilement et si rapidement.
Gustavo Sanchez, journaliste ami du Che et ancien ministre de l'intérieur, a déclaré avec insistance : "Ils n'ont pas réussi à le faire disparaître." Bousculant les protocoles il a cherché des archives militaires, un dossier, un témoin légitime, un rapport, une trace... En vain ! Jusqu'au 12 décembre où un paysan se confesse en l'église de Vallegrande. Il prétend avoir vu une main surgir de terre dans son champ, en 1967, il ne se souvient plus très bien de la date exacte. C'est dans la "Canada de Arroyo", que les chercheurs vont découvrir trois squelettes. L'un des plus grands experts de CUBA, Jorge Gonzalès Perez, directeur de l'institut de médecine légale de la Havane, va minutieusement examiner les restes. Pas trace du "CHE" mais la trace d'une ablation de kyste sur l'un des squelettes, va permettre l'identification de Jaime Arano Campero, dit "El Chapaco" et ancien compagnon de Ernesto. Aiguail7
*Lectures du CHE : "Histoire du mouvement ouvrier en Amérique latine", "Traité de chimie organique", "Réforme agraire au Mexique", "Les confessions" de Jean-Jacques Rousseau...
Aleida March, veuve d'Ernesto Guevara, a le visage sévère des gens de caractère. Certains lui trouve une flagrante ressemblance avec le "CHE"
Elle a déclaré : "Lui pardonnait toujours. A tout le monde. Je lui ai dit :"un jour, devant la baïonnette d'un militaire, tu t'écrieras : "Pauvre petit soldat. Ce n'est pas ta faute mais celle de l'impérialisme !" Moi, je n'ai pas pardonné. A aucun d'eux. Soldats, paysans ou politiques." "Il n'arrêtait pas de créer, d'inventer. Ce n'était pas un homme de ce siècle. Lui pensait et agissait en même temps. Un intellectuel qui n'était pas assis sur sa chaise mais qui faisait la guerrilla." La comparaison avec le Christ irrite Aleida. Elle ne supporte pas que l'on puisse confondre le militantisme avec l'obscurantisme d'un héros mystique. Toujours militante, les hypocrites, les lâches et les inactifs lui donnent la nausée. Elle est, tout comme Ernesto, intransigeante sur les principes. "C'était un politique, un homme du réel, capable de sacrifier sa vie pour ses idées. Mais pas avec une vocation de martyr. Il ne voulait pas mourir !" Un silence. Comme une craquelure dans l'armure. " On avait des projets pour nos vieux jours. S'asseoir ensemble, nous raconter nos histoires, se rencontrer. Il voulait vivre."
Dans sa maison, Aleida a créer un centre d'études sur la pensée politique, économique et philosophique de Ernesto GUEVARA. Elle a conservé beaucoup de ses notes et écrits : Son travail sur des difficultés médicales, des centaines de livres annotés, des poésies.. pas très bonnes , des cahiers inédits, un carnet relatant son voyage en Amérique latine et l'intégralité du journal au Congo. Aiguail7 -Source : JEAN PAUL MARI Grands Reporters.com Le "Che" et des compagnons à Nancahuazu en Bolivie
VIDEO CHE
Photo prise par Alberto KORDA, le 05 mars 1960 et nommée " héros de la guérilla " où apparait un visage, coiffé d'un béret noir, dont le regard se perd dans le loitain... Guevara, alors âgé de 31 ans, assistait à l'enterrement des victimes de l'explosion de la Coubre.Elle ne fut publiée que sept ans plus tard. Pour l'Institute off Art du Maryland (USA), c'est la photo la plus célèbre et l'icône graphique du monde du xxéme siècle ! Elle a été reproduite, en effet, de nombreuses fois dans le monde et est considérée comme : " L'un des dix plus grands portraits de tous les temps ". Les principales tendances politiques en ont fait le symbole universel de la rebellion.
Nom de naissance Ernesto Guevara Surnom(s) Le Che, Che Guevara Né le : 14 juin 1928 Lieu de naissance : Rosario, Décédé le : 9 octobre 1967, (à 39 ans) Né à : La Higuera, Profession : Médecin; homme politique, GUERILLERO Conviction : Révolutionnaire, Théoricien, Marxiste Conjoint(e) (s) : Hilda Gadea Acosta (1955-1959), Aleida March (1959-1967) Signature ou paraphe :
Cubans Alejandro. Major Ricardo Gustavo Machin Hoed de Bache, born 1936 in Havana. Married, two children. Chief of Operations of guerrilla command. Died August 31, 1967, at Vado del Yeso. Founder of the Revolutionary Student Directorate of Cuba. Fought in the Sierra del Escambray under the command of Rolando Cubela. Later was Under-secretary of the Treasury. Joined the Revolutionary Armed Forces as a member of the General Staff of the Western Army and military chief of Matanzas city. Completed technical-military studies in Russia. Entered Bolivia on December 9, 1966, via Chile, on an Ecuadorian passport, Number 49836, under the name of Alejandro Estrada Puig. Antonio. Captain Orlando Pantoja Tamayo. Born in Contra Maestre, Oriente Province. Divorced, one daughter. Died October 8, 1967, in Churo ravine. After the revolution was chief of the Coast-and-Port Guard, of the Frontiers Guard, and of the Camarioca Operation. Lieutenant to Che Guevara in the Sierra Maestra and afterward confidant of Raúl Castro. Entered Bolivia via Brazil on December 12, 1966, with Ecuadorian passport, Number 49840, made out in the name of Antonio León Velasco. Was assistant to Ramiro Valdez, Minister of the Interior in Cuba. Carried out intelligence operations abroad. Was in Bolivia in 1963 with the Peruvian guerrilla Hugo Blanco directing a group of Peruvian Trotskyites. Arturo. René Martínez Tamayo. Born 1941 in Mayarí, Holguín. Joined the rebel army in Nov. 1958. In 1959 served in the Cuban Air Force, Rebel Army Department of Investigations, and Ministry of the Interior, with the rank of lieutenant. Joined the guerrillas in Bolivia on Dec. 11, 1966, as radio operator of center group. Died in Churo ravine, October 8, 1967. Benigno. Daniel Alarcón Ramírez, Born 1939 in Manzanillo, machine gunner of the Camilo Cienfuegos column during the revolutionary war; served in the same capacity in the Bolivian guerrilla war. One of five survivors, returned to Cuba on March 6, 1968. Retired from the Ministry of the Interior in 1979 with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Defected to the United States in 1996. Braulio. Major Rolando Quindela Blez. Born 1936 in Oriente Province. Entered Bolivia in November, 1966, through Chile on Panamanian passport, Number 62538. Second-in-command of the group commanded by Joaquín. Died at Vado del Yeso, August 31, 1967. Felix. Wálter Pelaez Ríos. Died in the Los Monos region, Nancahuazu. (El Diario, January 1, 1968.) Joaquín. Major Juan Vitalio Acuña Nuñez, born 1920 at Niquero, Oriente Province. Rear-guard commandant. Died August 31, 1967, at Vado del Yeso. Entered Bolivia November 24, 1966, via Brazil on a Panamanian passport, Number 65736, under the name of Joaquin Rivera Núñez. Was a guide for Fidel Castro's troops in the Sierra Maestra, whom he joined in April 1957. Lieutenant in Guevara's Column No. 4. Promoted in Nov. 1958 to column commander in Rebel Army's Third Front. Commanded a guerrilla school in Matanzas Province. Founding member of Cuban Communist Party, Oct. 1965. Fought in Vietnam and in the Congo. In September, 1966, he was chief of the Mixed Division of the Western Army in Guanabacoa, La Habana Province. Marcos. Major Antonio Sánchez Díaz, doctor, born 1927 at Guane, Pinar del Río Province. Died June 2, 1967, at Iquira. Married, one son. Member of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party. Entered Bolivia November 17,1966, via Brazil, on Panamanian passport, Number 65896, under the name of Marcos Quintero Diaz. He joined Fidel Castro in the Sierra Maestra and becoming captain and chief of rear guard in the Camilo Cienfuegos column. Was military commander of the Isle of Pines after 1959. Miguel. Manuel Hernández. Born 1931 in Jiguaní, Cuba, joined the Rebel Army in May 1957 and became part of Guevara Column No. 8 in August 1958 as a lieutenant. Wounded in the battle of Fomento, with the rank of captain. Held various posts in the army and ministry of the Interior after 1959. Died in Abra de Picacho September 27, 1967. Moro. Lieutenant and doctor, Octavio de la Concepcion Pedraja. Born 1933 in Havana. Married, one son. Fought under the command of Raul Castro in the Sierra Maestra in Sept. 1958. After the revolution, was graduated as a doctor. Was Chief Surgeon at the Calixto García Hospital of Havana. Entered Bolivia under Ecuadorian passport, Number 49833, on December 7, 1966. Killed October 14, 1967. ElNegro. Gustavo Rodríguez Murillo, cardiologist, Cuban. Entered on passport Number 6078397, thirty years old. Died at Rio Grande September 3, 1967. Pacho. Captain Alberto Fernández Montes de Oca. Born 1936 in San Luis, Oriente Province. Divorced, no children. Member of the 26th of July Movement. Served under the command of Che Guevara in the Sierra Maestra. Named Supervisor-Administrator of the Washington sugar complex in Las Villas Province in January, 1959, later became Director of Mines in the Ministry of Industry. Entered and left Bolivia repeatedly; entered for the last time in December, 1966, on Uruguayan passport, Number 12918, under the name of Raúl Borguez; or Uruguayan passport, Number 12394, under the name of Antonio Garrido. Died at Churo ravine, October 8, 1967. Pombo. Harry Villegas Tamayo, twenty-eight years old, born in Vieira, Oriente Province. Survivor. Ricardo. José María Martínez Tamayo. Born 1936 in Mayarí, Holguín, Cuba. Joined the Rebel Army Second Front of Oriente in April 1958. Joined Guatemala guerrillas in 1962. Went to Bolivia in 1963 to help organize Jorge Masetti's guerrila movement in northern Argentina. Went to the Congo in 1965 with Guevara. Arrived in La Paz March 1966, joined the center group on Dec. 31, 1966. Brother of guerrilla Arturo. Died July 30 in Moroco. (Zenteno, El Diario, October 11, 1967. ) Rolando. Captain Eliseo Reyes Rodríguez. Born 1940 at San Luis, Oriente Province. Married, two children. Died April 24, 1967, in El Mesón. Founding member of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party in Oct. 1965. Joined the Rebel Army at the age of sixteen in 1957. Served under Che Guevara as Chief of Battalion at the fort of La Cabaña; was chief of Intelligence and Security in Pinar del Río Province. Entered Bolivia on November 17, 1966, via Brazil on Panamanian passport, Number 66019, under the name Rolando Rodríguez Suárez; intimate collaborator of Che's. Rubio. Captain Jesús Suárez Gayol. Born 1928 at Manatí, Oriente Province. Died at Iripiti, April 11, 1967. Was Vice-minister of the Sugar Industry and Director of Mineral Resources. Fought on the second front Frank País in the Sierra Maestra under Raúl Castro's command. Entered Bolivia under the name of Jesús Cuevas Ulloa with passport, Number 449839. High official in the INRA. Tuma. Carlos Coello. Born 1940 in Oriente. Joined the Rebel Army in November 1957, serving in Guevara's column. After 1959 served as Guevara's personal bodyguard and followed him to the Congo in 1965. Arrived at Ñancahazú on Nov. 7, 1966. Died June 26, 1967, in Pirai near La Florida.(Zenteno, statement in El Diario, La Paz, October 11, 1967.) Urbano. Captain Leonardo Tamayo Núñez. Born 1941 in Bayamo. Married, two children. Was secretary to the Cuban Delegation at the conference of the Inter-American Social and Economic Council that met at Punta del Este in August, 1961. One of the five survivors who escaped through Sabaya. Later served with the Cuban military in Angola and Nicaragua. Bolivians Aniceto. Aniceto Reinaga. from the San Jose-Oruro mine. Died in Churo ravine October 8, 1967. Antonio. Rodriguez Flores. Turned himself in to the army in the Penones zone on September 30, 1967. PastorBarreraQuintana. Born in Oruro. Deserter, tried at Camiri. Was released. Benjamin. Benjamin Coronado, died by drowning in Rio Rositas during Guevara's march. (February 25, 1967, according to statement by General Alfredo Ovando Candia.) Camba. Orlando Jimenez Bazan. Born in Riberalta, thirty-three years old. Was taken prisoner on September 30, 1967. Carlos. Not identified. Drowned in Nancahuazu River, March 10, 1967. (Diary of Che. ) Chapaco (Luis). Jaime Arana Campero, hydraulic engineer, killed in Los Cajones at the junction of the Rio Grande and Mizque on October 14, 1967. Chingolo. Hugo Choque Silva, captured at Monteagudo July 23, 1967. Exposed the Nancahuazu arms caches. Recruited into the Center for the Instruction of Special Forces (CITE) where he is now. SalustioChoqueChoque. Miner. Born in La Paz. Deserter, tried at Camiri. Was released. Coco. Roberto Peredo Leigue. Born May 23, 1939, in Trinidad. Studied in Trinidad at the "Sixth of August" school and later at the Hugo Davila and Bolivar schools in La Paz. Was active in the Bolivian Communist Party from the age of eleven. Later he became Director of Youth and after that Intermediate Director of the Regional Committee of La Paz. He traveled to Cuba in 1962, to the U.S.S.R. in 1964, and again to the U.S.S.R. and Cuba in 1965 and 1966 respectively. He was the son of Romulo Arano Peredo and Selina Leigue de Arano Peredo. In 1960, he married Mireya Echazu, who gave him three children, Roberto, Katia, and Yury, six, four, and three years old. Trained as a guerrilla in Cuba and in Vietnam. Later he became part of the Bolivian guerrilla army. He was killed at Higuera by the company under Lieutenant Galindo on September 27, 1967. Curu. Not identified. Died in Ayango near Muyupampa. The commission's doctor saw him. Dario. David Adriazola, another of the five survivors who broke through the military encirclement at Higuera. His whereabouts are unknown. Ernesto or Chino. Fredy Maimura Hurtado, doctor, born in Beni. Killed in the Vado del Yeso ambush on August 31, 1967. Eusebio. Eusebio Tapia Arune, born in La Paz. Twenty years old, deserter. Turned himself in July 23, 1967, at Monteagudo. Gabriel. Rodolfo Saldana, chief of urban liaisons. (El Diario, January 16, 1968. ) Inti. Guido Peredo Leigue. Born April 30, 1938, in Trinidad. Coco's brother and son of Romulo Arano Peredo and Selina Leigue de Arano Peredo. Studied at the Juan Francisco Velarde school and in the "Sixth of August" school in Trinidad and at the Bolivar and the Hugo Davila schools in La Paz. Active in the Bolivian Communist Party since he was twelve. Was chief of the Pioneers; later, Director of Youth and finally First Regional Secretary of La Paz. Married Matilde Lara in 1963; two children, three and two years old. He is at present commandant of the Army of National Liberation and one of the five survivors of the war. Julio. Mario Gutierrez Ardaya, doctor, born in Cochabamba, thirty-two years old. Killed in Higuera by Lieutenant Galindo's company, September 27, 1967. Leon. Antonio Dominguez Flores, born in Trinidad. Turned himself in to the army on September 27, 1967. LorgioVaca. Died at Rio Grande on October 13, 1967. Loro. Jorge Vasquez Viana, geology student, born in La Paz, captured in Monteagudo on April 27, by the farmer Nicolas Montano and the prefect of that province. He was killed in the military hospital at Choreti on May 27, 1967. Moises. Moises Guevara Rodriguez, miner, killed at Vado del Yeso, August 31, 1967. Nato. Julio Mendez Cano, MNR militant. Managed to escape the encirclement along with the five survivors of Churo. Died in Mataral in 1967. Pablo. Francisco Huanca Flores, university student from Oruro, twentyone years old, killed in Los Cajones at the junction of the Rio Grande and Mizque on October 14, 1967. Paco. Jose Castillo. Recruited by Raul Quispaya in La Paz. Sole survivor of the Vado del Yeso ambush. Captured by Captain Mario Vargas and transferred to Valle Grande. Is being detained by the armed forces; no trial date has been set. Pedro. Antonio Jimenez Tardio. Born in Tarata, capital of Estevan Arze Province. Died at Inau, Taperillas region, August 9, 1967. (Ovando's statement.) Pepe. Julio Velasco Montano. Turned himself in to the army on May 25 at Ipita. Was executed two days later by troops of the company under the command of the Second Lieutenants Javier Hinojosa Valdez and Carlos Monje. Velasco's body was transferred to Choreti for identification. General Ovando and Colonel Joaquin Zenteno Anaya confirmed his death in declarations of September 23, 1967. Polo. Apolinar Aguirre Quispe, died September 31, 1967, according to Ovando. (Died August 31, 1967, at Rio Grande, according to Zenteno, El Diario, October 11, 1967.) EpifanioQuinonezAguilar. Born in Oruro, twenty-five years old. Guerrilla guide. Escaped through Sabaya. Lightly wounded in the foot. Raul. Raul Quispaya, died at Moroco on July 30, 1967, according to Ovando. (Zenteno, El Diario, October 11, 1967.) VicenteRoeabadoTerrazas. Born in Oruro. Deserter, tried at Camiri. Was released. Serapio. Not identified. Died at Iquira on July 10, 1967. Tomas. Tomas Rosales Vargas, taken prisoner at Santa Cruz de la Sierra, hanged himself in the cells of the Department of Criminal Investigation of that city on April 12, 1967. Victor. Victor Casildo Vargas Condori, died June 2, 1967, at Iquira, along with Marcos. EstanislaoVillcaCohue. Born in Sabaya. Law student from Oruro, twenty-nine years old. Guerrilla guide. WalterArancibia. Killed August 31, 1967, at Vado del Yeso. Willy. Simon Cuba, mining director from Huanuni, taken prisoner at the same time as Che Guevara in Churo, October 8, 1967. Killed the next day by Sergeant Francisco Huanca in La Higuera. Argentinians Pancho. Not identified. Argentinian, according to Zenteno. Killed at Higuera by Rangers Regiment Number 2, on October 8, 1967. Tania. Tamara Bunke. [Laura Gutierrez Bauer.] About twenty-nine years old. Killed at Vado del Yeso by Captain Vargas on August 31, 1967. Peruvians Chino. Juan Carlos Chang, law student, member of the Peruvian Communist Party. Fought in the Army of National Liberation of Peru. Thirty-seven years old. Began his political activities in the APRA. Died in Higuera on October 8, 1967. Eustaquio. Edilberto Galban Hidalgo. Radio operator. Twenty-five years old. Died in Los Cajones at the junction of the Rio Grande and the Mizque, October 14, 1967. Guerrillas o f Unknown Nationality Loco. Unidentified. Marco. Not identified. Fell at Caripati on April 27, 1967. (Braulio's diary and Ovando's statement.)
Guevara âgé de 31 ans était à un enterrement pour les victimes de l'explosion de la Coubre. Elle n’a été publiée que sept ans plus tard. L'Institute off Art du Maryland (USA) l’a surnommé "la photo la plus célèbre et l’icône graphique du monde du XXème siècle."
Parole de chanson Libertad (Thomas FERSEN)
|